SYSTEM: Home Assistant installation | QNAP

HOME ASSISTANT INSTALLATION ON QNAP

As we have all components ready it is time to install and configure Home Assistant. I am goin gto setup it as virtual machine on my QNAP NAS, so in general, this should work on any VM system. I will describe it later on how to do it on different platforms (I am waiting for my Raspberry Pi4 hardware).

PREREQUISITIES

1. QNAP NAS set up and Virtualization Station up and running;
2. Home Assistant VMDK image downloaded from [images] and converted to img file (you can use converter embedded into Virtualization Station). 
   
   
   

STEP 1: creating of the VM

1. Create folder to store your virtual hard drive and place converted image in it. I use separated resource on my QNAP (/VM) amd for this VM I have created ha folder. The VM share is mounted on my laptop as V: drive.

   

   
   
2. Navigate to Virtualization Station and press "Create" button

   
3. In new window choose settings as below. You need to adapt them depending on your hardware (mostly number of cores and RAM)

   

   
   
   

   
   
4. Setup VNC password (bottom of the dialog window) and unselect "Restrict VM console access"
5. VM is ready to create so press "OK".
6. Once the machine is created, go to its setting and modify:

   

   
   
7. Go to snapshots and delete (if any):

   

   
   
8. G oto Storage and set disk size to 150GB and interface to VirtIO

   

   
   
9. Connect USB devices

   

   

   
   

   
   
10. Now, the system is ready to start. Press "ON" button to do so.

    

    
    

    
    

    
    
11.  You can check IP address of your Home Assistant as shown below.

    

    
    

    
    

    
    
12. We will need this IP to access web-interface of Home Assistant. Check my next post soon!

HARDWARE: USB to Serial

HARDWARE: USB TO SERIAL

Some of the hardware I use (and going to use at my Smart Home) require firmware modification. The usual way it OTA (Over-the-air) and can be done in pure software manner, hoever, some require flashing of the firmware.

Most of the equipment has on-board serial (RS-232) connector so I can easily connect to it and flash it's software. To do so I need serial-2-usb dongle as I do not have any serial interface on my laptop.

After short research I decided to go with simple usb2ser interface: USB TO TTL. This allows to use either 3.3V or 5V (be careful, setting this incorrectly can destroy the hardware you are trying to modify). The cost is super low - no more than few euros on Amazon or other portal.

To make my life easier I soldered wires to the pins so I can use them in much more flexible way later.

Another equipment is usb-extension cord and - obviously - soldering station.

LINKS AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES

• USB-TO-TTL
• Soldering station

TIPS AND TRICKS

Here you can fine some hints. How to avoid mistakes and be happy with your smart home system.

16.09.2022

Try not to mix different producers for specific functionality. If you buid lights - stick with specific provider. For example - Philips Hue or Yeelight. Or Innr. Do not mix those as usually they wont cooperate together in a way you'd expect. Plus - you can forget about smooth system, there will be alwys something broken or not working the way you expect. Even if protocols are the same. In my current setup I mix Philips Hue, Innr and Ikea using Zigbee proto. There is always something wrong between Philips Hue gateway and other producer's light. Using one brand will save you time (and unfortunately won't save your money).

Hardware: BLUETOOTH DONGLE

 

HARDWARE: BLUETOOTH HUB

Some of the devices at my home are bluetooth so I also need the bluetooth dongle. As there is no bug deal with it I decided to go with Baseus model mini-bt4, however in few days I replace it with same make, newer model 5.0 (BA-04). Older model (4.0) was working flawlesly so far. Price is really low - around 6€.

The device landed in the USB hub I wrote about in the previous post.

The configuration and integration will be described once we have the system up and running.

Baseus BA-04 

Hardware: ZIGBEE DONGLE

HARDWARE: ZIGBEE HUB

Another protocol (or basically the standard) that I use in my Smart Home is zigbee. It is widely used, for example, in the Philips Hue ecosystem. I offer, like z-wave, a mesh network (i.e. each device is also a network extender) and quite a good range at 868MHz, 915MHZ and 2.4GHz.

The first idea with this protocol was to plug and integrate all zigbee devices into the Philips Hue gateway that I use. Unfortunately, it was not a good idea - not all devices could be added (e.g. gas sensor) and some, despite adding to the network and proper communication, were not visible (e.g. IKEA remotes). 

To solve this problem, I decided to separate the Hue system from the rest of the zigbee network. I left the lights and remotes and the Philips motion sensor on the Hue bridge (more on this in the post) and the rest: IKEA remotes, Heiman sensors and the rest I connected to a separate zigbee gate.

I found a lot of possibilities on the Internet, but I focused on compatibility with the Home Assistant. After a short research, I decided to use the Dresden Electronics Conbee2 hub.

The choice was based on compatibility with Home Assistant and previous experiences with Dresden Electronik equipment. Additionally - it can work locally and does not need a cloud to operate. The price is quite decent - now you can buy less than 50€.

The device landed in the USB hub I wrote about in the previous post.

The configuration and integration will be described once we have the system up and running.

LINKS AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES

• Conbee2
• Zigbee protocol

Hardware: Z-WAVE DONGLE

EQUIPMENT: HUB Z-WAVE

One of the protocols that is used in my ecosystem is z-wave. After several years of experience, I can confirm that it is very stable and capable. Creating a mesh network is especially useful - it means that each device connected to the z-wave network is a transmitter and a receiver for others. This allows for a significant increase in the range of communication.

This protocol is also used by other systems that I have in my home Smart-Home - an example is Fibaro. However, I decided to use an additional hub: despite the possibility of connecting virtually any devices to the Fibaro control panel, I noticed that not all functionalities are supported (or their activation requires a lot of work).

After a short research, I decided to go with the Aeotec Gen5 + hub.

The choice was justified by nice functionalities: own battery power supply and S2 security support (more on this in a separate post). The price is quite decent - now you can buy less than PLN 45€.

I have been using it for about 2 years and it has never caused any problems.

The device landed in the USB hub I wrote about in the previous post.

The configuration and integration will be described once we have the system up and running.

LINKS AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES

• Aeotec Gen5 +
• Z-wave protocol

Hardware: USB Hub

I needed a USB hub to connect additional devices. It should provide additional power (i.e. it must be of the active type). Due to the fact that I have USB3 on the NAS, I also wanted to decide on one.

My first choice was LogiLink model UA0149. It looks really pro, has a metal casing and mounting holes. Additionally, when mounted on the wall, placing the dongle will ensure good RF range.

Provides 4 USB 3.0 ports and additional power. Unfortunately, the distance between the ports turned out to be too small and I couldn't plug in all the USB dongs.

The next choice was also Logilink ad different model UA0112A: 

Like the previous model, it provides 4 ports and power. The spaces between the USB ports are sufficient here to connect all dongle.

This is the model I have chosen. I connected it to the NAS via the USB3 port.

LINKS AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES

• Logilink UA0112A
• Logilink UA0149

Again: I do not throw in links to the promotion (although I recommend it - you can save a lot) because it is constantly changing.